5G concept
Like the earlier 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks, the 5G mobile network is a digital cellular network. In this network, the service area covered by the provider is divided into many small geographic areas known as cells. Analog signals representing sound and images are digitized in the mobile phone, converted by an analog-to-digital converter, and transmitted as bit streams. All 5G wireless devices in the cell communicate with the local antenna array and low-power automatic transceivers (transmitters and receivers) in the cell through radio waves. The transceivers allocate channels from a common frequency pool, which can be reused in geographically separated cells. The local antenna is connected to the telephone network and the Internet through high-bandwidth fiber optic or wireless backhaul connections. Like existing mobile phones, when users move from one cell to another, their mobile devices will automatically "switch" to the antenna in the new cell.
The main advantage of 5G networks lies in the fact that the data transmission rate is much higher than that of previous cellular networks, reaching up to 10Gbit/s, which is faster than the current wired Internet and 100 times faster than the previous 4G LTE cellular networks. Another advantage is the lower network latency (faster response time), which is below 1 millisecond, compared to 30-70 milliseconds for 4G. Due to the faster data transmission, 5G networks will not only serve mobile phones but will also become general home and office network providers, competing with wired network providers. Previous cellular networks provided low-data-rate Internet access suitable for mobile phones, but a single cell tower cannot economically provide sufficient bandwidth to serve as a general Internet provider for home computers.
Network characteristics
The peak rate needs to reach the standard of Gbit/s to meet the requirements of high-definition video, virtual reality, and other high-data-volume transmissions.
2. The latency level of the air interface needs to be around 1ms to meet the requirements of real-time applications such as autonomous driving and telemedicine.
3. With ultra-large network capacity, it provides connectivity for hundreds of billions of devices, meeting the needs of IoT communication.
4. Spectral efficiency should be improved by more than 10 times compared to LTE.
5. Under continuous wide-area coverage and high mobility, the user experience rate reaches 100Mbit/s.
6. There has been a significant increase in both traffic density and connection density.
7. The system is becoming more collaborative and intelligent, manifested in collaborative networking with multiple users, multiple points, multiple antennas, and multiple acquisitions, as well as flexible automatic adjustments between networks.
The above are the key differences between 5G and previous generations of mobile communication, which reflect the gradual shift from a technology-centric approach to a user-centric approach in mobile communication.
